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  • The characterization of biotin as a vitamin was based on the discovery that biotin deficiency causes a clinical syndrome, which is mediated by deficiencies of several carboxylase enzymes.
  • Sources — Biotin can be found in a variety of plants but is found in highest levels in the liver, egg yolk, soybean products, and yeast
Deficiency
  • was first noted in patients who were on long-term parenteral nutrition prior to routine biotin supplementation. It is now reported only rarely.
  • Consumption of large amounts of raw egg whites (which contain avidin, a substance that binds to biotin and prevents its utilization), can also lead to biotin deficiency.
  • secondary biotin deficiency can occur due to lack of a specific enzyme (biotinidase), which is required for recycling of biotin
  • classic clinical manifestations of biotin deficiency include dermatitis around the eyes, nose and mouth, conjunctivitis, alopecia, and neurological symptoms, including changes in mental status, lethargy, hallucinations, and paresthesias
  • Other manifestations may include myalgia, anorexia, and nausea
Requirements:
The recommended intake for biotin is expressed as Adequate Intake (AI) rather than Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), indicating that there is not adequate data to specify the percentage of individuals whose requirement is met by this intake
     Choice of Therapy
    • No medication available in Hospital Keningau (not a constituents of oral and IV multivitamins)
    • No readily available formulation in FUKKM
    • Recommended to use infant formulas enriched with biotins
    Product
    Biotin Content per 100g
    Anmum Infacare Step 1
    16.6 mcg
    Bebelac 1
    13 mcg
    Dulac Infant Step 1
    17 mcg
    Dupro 1
    17 mcg
    Dutch Baby 0-6 bulan
    11 mcg
     *list not exhaustive of all products in market with biotin content
    References:
    1. MIMS Gateway
    2. www.uptodate.com

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