Safety and Effectiveness: Cystone©

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Subject>South Australian Neonatal Medication Guidelines</o:Subject> <o:Author>gallison1</o:Author> <o:Keywords>phenytoin, anticonvulsant, intravenous, oral, vomiting, agitation, hirsutism, gingival, hypertrophy, hypotension, arrhythmias, bradycardia, cardiovascular, respiratory depression, choreiform, hyperglycaemia, osteomalacia, rickets, stevens-johnson syndrome</o:Keywords> <o:Version>12.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties></xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8s9PAdijdxvF33xPqfIkI0lznfXLS-uob9pMgL5RYWhrk6LpUfgaWOCUUjEIyqAQZSfOS8DTnLH-roIumNiCONMKs3i79-UoBRwHgOvRhkN-J4SCjHEldgb98nDUeqbbtE8ZIzHGZXoyl/s1600/cystone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8s9PAdijdxvF33xPqfIkI0lznfXLS-uob9pMgL5RYWhrk6LpUfgaWOCUUjEIyqAQZSfOS8DTnLH-roIumNiCONMKs3i79-UoBRwHgOvRhkN-J4SCjHEldgb98nDUeqbbtE8ZIzHGZXoyl/s1600/cystone.jpg" /></a></span></span></div><br /><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">traditionally used for relief of a variety of urological problems including nephrolithiasis</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">shilapuspha (<i>Didymocarpus pedicellata</i>) 130mg, Pasanabheda (<i>Saxifaga lgulata</i> Syn. <i>Bergenia ligulata/ciliata</i>) 98 mg, Manjishtha (<i>Rubia cordifolia</i>) 32 mg, Nagarmusta (<i>Cyperus scariosus</i>) 32 mg, Apamarga (<i>Achyranthes aspera</i>) 32 mg, Gohija (<i>Onosma bracteatum</i>) 32 mg, Sahadevi (<i>Vernonia cinerea</i>) 32 mg, Shilajeet (Purified) 26 mg, and Hajrul yahood bhasma 32 mg</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">purported effect </span></span></li><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> “prevent supersaturation of lithogenic substances, control oxamide (a substance that precipitates stone formation) from the intestine and correct the crystalloid-colloid imbalance</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">inhibits calculogenesis by reducing stone-forming substances like oxalic acid, calcium hydroxyproline, etc, and causes their expulsion by micropulverization</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">disintegration of the calculi and crystals by acting on the mucin, which binds the particles together</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">antimicrobial activity is beneficial in the prevention of urinary tract infections associated with urinary stones and crystalluria\</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activities relieve ureteric colic and alleviate symptoms of painful and burning and micturition.”</span></span></li></ul></ul><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Effectiveness</b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br /><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Several herbs have been purported to decrease stone risk, or hasten stone passage. However, hard scientific evidence regarding their efficacy is scanty</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The current results did not document any beneficial effect of Cystone® on the urinary composition. </span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">However, the failure to find statistically significant change in urinary supersaturation does not rule out a beneficial effect</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cystone® is purported to promote stone passage. However, on average stone burden increased rather than decreased in our study.</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">No patient reported any side effects from Cystone®. This is in accord with previously published studies.</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">a meta analysis of </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">50 clinical studies however indicated that Cystone is useful in the management of Urolithiasis as revealed by the clearance of calculi, symptomatic relief, increased urine volume, and reduction in the stone forming constituents in urine with negligible adverse effects</span> </span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Recommendations </b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br /><ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Randomized controlled studies exist to support the efficacy of thiazides,^{<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925635/#R7">7</a>} allopurinol,^{<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925635/#R8">8</a>} and potassium magnesium citrate^{<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925635/#R9">9</a>} for secondary prevention of calcium oxalate kidney stones. </span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Side effects, cost, and imperfect prevention make the ready availability of cheap, safe and effective stone prevention therapy highly desirable</span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Reference:</b></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br /><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925635/</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">https://www.ayurtimes.com/cystone-tablets-syrup-benefits-uses-dosage-side-effects/</span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">http://ispub.com/IJAM/8/1/8636 </span></span></li></ol>

CM Others Safety and Effectiveness: Cystone©

traditionally used for relief of a variety of urological problems including nephrolithiasis shilapuspha ( Didymocarpus pedicellata ) 1...

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