Daily Healthy: children

Even Young Children can Experience PTSD

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">When you think of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), soldiers</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">returning from combat may come to mind.<br />But years of research suggest many others experience PTSD, too, even<br />young children, though their symptoms may differ from those of older children, adolescents and<br />adults.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />PTSD<br />in adults and children can occur after exposure to a traumatic event — living<br />through one, witnessing one in person, or learning about a traumatic event that<br />involved a family member. A traumatic event can include a violent experience in<br />the home or community, a fire, a natural disaster, a car accident, or the sudden<br />death of a family member. The younger a child is, the greater the impact. The loss<br />of a parent or being removed from a parent, for example, feels like a threat to<br />a child, according to child psychiatrist Judith Cohen, M.D., medical director<br />of the <a href="http://www.nctsn.org/about-us/network-members/allegheny-general-hospital-center-traumatic-stress-children-and-adolescents" target="_blank" title="Center for Traumatic Stress in Children"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">Center for Traumatic Stress in Children & Adolescents</span></a> at Allegheny General Hospital in<br />Pittsburgh.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="vertical-align: baseline;">
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLfm2-MIh-h2R80K9YZnu_1pvqw-5QNC4aVPbjylBYmu7UiReDun5mnLc_voO0apmwkcK1I1NBsHe-jZDzHNX9lePb__e4tOTD5fbdU3tkV6UUuFDm-7mMdknjpvtaRZP8aGoMI7nEFTkd/s1600/shutterstock_151705490.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Even Young Children can Experience PTSD" border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLfm2-MIh-h2R80K9YZnu_1pvqw-5QNC4aVPbjylBYmu7UiReDun5mnLc_voO0apmwkcK1I1NBsHe-jZDzHNX9lePb__e4tOTD5fbdU3tkV6UUuFDm-7mMdknjpvtaRZP8aGoMI7nEFTkd/s1600/shutterstock_151705490.jpg" title="Even Young Children can Experience PTSD" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Many<br />children experience trauma — an estimated 14 to 43 percent, according to the<br />National Center for PTSD. Of those, as many as 15 percent of girls and 6<br />percent of boys develop PTSD. Children with PTSD may experience distressful thoughts, and memories of the trauma may occur without warning. They may also have trouble<br />sleeping and nightmares (though they may not seem clearly tied to the event). Traumatized<br />children may try to avoid people or objects that are reminders of the event and<br />they may act more irritable, have angry outbursts, or be easily startled.<br />They may regress, wet the bed or talk baby-talk, and they may experience physical symptoms,<br />such as headaches and stomachaches. The symptoms can cause major distress and<br />can impact how a child behaves or relates to family members.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><br />To help a child heal from PTSD, treatment involves working with<br />the child and parents and caregivers, creating a feeling of safety, helping the<br />child to understand the condition, and encouraging the youngster to talk about his<br />or her feelings (through art and play), to help develop<br />relaxation and coping skills. Rehabilitation begins with building trust and it needs<br />to be fun and engaging for young children, according to Dr. Cohen. Several different types of treatment are<br />available for children with symptoms of PTSD and early intervention can be<br />important in helping little ones cope with and heal from the effects of trauma.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />For more information on understanding and helping children of all<br />ages heal from traumatic events visit the <a href="http://www.nctsn.org/">National<br />Child Traumatic Stress Network</a>.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">By Debbie Cohen, health writer, APA</span><br />
<br /></div>

When you think of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), soldiers returning from combat may come to mind. But years of research suggest ma...

15 Tips for Talking to Kids about Ebola

<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br /><b><span style="font-family: inherit;">By David Fassler, M.D.</span></b></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">Child and adolescent psychiatrist </span></i></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">Parents and teachers may find themselves faced with the challenge of<br />discussing the evolving Ebola epidemic with children. Although these may<br />be difficult conversations, they are also important. There are no “right” or “wrong” ways to talk<br />with kids about Ebola, but here are some suggestions if you need help. </span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>1.</b> Provide an open and supportive environment where children<br />know they can ask questions. At the same time, it’s best not to force children<br />to talk about Ebola unless and until they’re ready.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>2.</b> Answer questions honestly. Kids will usually know,<br />or eventually find out, </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">if you’re “making things up." It may affect their trust in you or your reassurances in the future.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>3.</b> Use words and ideas children can understand. Gear<br />your explanations to the child’s age, language, and developmental level.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>4.</b> Help kids find<b> accurate</b> and up to date<br />information. Print out Fact Sheets from<br />the <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/pdf/what-need-to-know-ebola.pdf" target="_blank">CDC</a>, <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/09/health/ebola-q-and-a/" target="_blank">CNN</a>, <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/" target="_blank">WHO</a> and <a href="http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/ebola.html" target="_blank">kidshealth.org</a>.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>5.</b> Be ready to repeat information and explanations<br />several times. Some information may be<br />hard to accept or understand. Asking the same question over and over may also<br />be a way for a child to ask for reassurance.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>6. </b>Acknowledge and validate the child’s thoughts, feelings,<br />and reactions. Let them know that you think their questions and concerns are<br />important and appropriate.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCTwb5tvgH8RCwDgLVAV_J9zR61G9Hc4RbuaoRDwZF-KpaA_-7ZulW4VucgaHYsG-F3s0xXIRT4GneSxR0RF79-igHMDwQPdJWAV91iz4Dltkfq8WsRna7iZx_6Ea-wm8-11CTapwIJaxO/s1600/talkingwithdad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCTwb5tvgH8RCwDgLVAV_J9zR61G9Hc4RbuaoRDwZF-KpaA_-7ZulW4VucgaHYsG-F3s0xXIRT4GneSxR0RF79-igHMDwQPdJWAV91iz4Dltkfq8WsRna7iZx_6Ea-wm8-11CTapwIJaxO/s1600/talkingwithdad.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>7. </b>Remember that kids often <b>personalize situations.</b><br />For example, they may worry about their own safety and the safety of family members. They may also worry<br />about friends or relatives who travel or live far away.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>8.</b> Be comforting, but don’t make unrealistic promises. It’s<br />fine to let children know that they are safe in their home or at school. But you can’t promise that there will be no cases of Ebola in your state or<br />community.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>9.</b> Let kids know that there are lots of people helping<br />the families affected by Ebola. This time is a good opportunity to show children that when something scary or<br />bad happens, there are people to help.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>10.</b> Children learn from watching their parents and<br />teachers. They will be very interested in how <i><b>you</b></i> react to news about Ebola. They also learn from listening to your conversations with other adults.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>11.</b> Don’t let kids watch too much television with<br />frightening images. The repetition of such scenes can be disturbing and confusing.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>12.</b> Children who have experienced serious illness, loss, or other <a href="http://www.psychiatry.org/mental-health/coping-with-disasters" target="_blank">traumatic events</a> in the past are particularly vulnerable to graphic<br />news reports or images of death. These children may need extra support and<br />attention.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>13. </b>Watch for physical symptoms including <b>headaches and<br />stomachaches</b>. Often times, kids express <a href="http://www.psychiatry.org/anxiety-disorders" target="_blank">anxiety</a> through physical aches and pains.<br />An increase in such symptoms without apparent medical cause may be a sign that<br />a child is feeling anxious or overwhelmed.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>14.</b> Children who are consumed with questions or worry about Ebola should be evaluated by a trained and qualified <a href="http://www.psychiatry.org/mental-health/more-topics/what-is-a-psychiatrist" target="_blank">mental health professional</a>. Other signs that a child may need additional care include:<br /><b>ongoing sleep problems, frequent fears<br />about illness or death, or reluctance to leave parents or go to school.</b> If such<br />behaviors continue, ask your child’s pediatrician, family physician, or school<br />counselor to help you contact a mental health professional. </span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>15.</b> Although parents and teachers may follow the news and<br />the daily updates with interest and attention, <b><i>most kids just want to be kids</i>.</b> They may not want to think about what’s happening across the country<br />or elsewhere in the world. They’d rather play ball, climb trees, or ride bikes.</span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">Public health emergencies are not easy for anyone to<br />comprehend or accept. Understandably, many young children feel frightened and<br />confused.  As parents, teachers, and<br />caring adults, we can best help by listening and responding honestly and comfortingly. Fortunately, most children, even those who have experienced loss or illness, are quite resilient.  However, by creating an open environment where<br />they feel free to ask questions, we can help them cope with stressful events<br />and experiences.<o:p></o:p></span></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><br /></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">David Fassler, M.D., is a child and adolescent psychiatrist<br />practicing in Burlington, Vermont. He is also a Clinical Professor of<br />Psychiatry at the University of Vermont.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /><br /></div><br /><a class="twitter-share-button" data-count="horizontal" data-related="APAPsychiatric" data-via="APAHealthyMinds" href="http://twitter.com/share">Tweet</a><script src="http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" type="text/javascript"><br /></script>